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Closure by stealth
Closure by stealth is a term most frequently used in the UK and Ireland to refer to the deliberate downgrading of a service by the management or owners with the intention of driving away users or customers. The aim is to make the service uneconomical, and thereby justify its closure or withdrawal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Consultation on the Implementation of the Railways Act 2005 Provisions on Closures and Minor Modifications - A response from the City of Edinburgh Council )〕 It is most widely used in the case of government-regulated services, where a company needs permission from local government or central government to withdraw a service.
==Railways==
The classic examples of closure by stealth involve UK railway services.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Long battle to save Settle-Carlisle line ended in triumph )〕 These are often regulated at some level by local or national government, and the only way the owner can withdraw such a service is by demonstrating that the local population no longer needs that service. Some of the UK rail closures made under the Beeching Axe while British Rail were operating services were justified at the time by deliberately not including future efficiencies and bringing forward many years of future costs into a short time frame to show, by accounting, that the route was not sustainable. By degrading the quality of the service — for example by scheduling trains to run at inconvenient times or frequencies (known as parliamentary train services) or by raising fares — transport operators can force passengers to take other modes of transport, justifying the view of the service owner that the service is no longer required (a kind of self-fulfilling prophecy).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Response to the Office of the Rail Regulator’s Interim Review of Track Access Charges Third Consultation paper )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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